Articles

The article analyzes the role of historical memory in the formation of civic identity among the population of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research is due to the need to consolidate the Russian civil nation by using the historical memory resource for this purpose. Historical-genetic, interdisciplinary and problem-specific methods are used to implement the research tasks. The article analyzes the development of scientists’ ideas about historical memory, its origin, functions and its collective character. The cumulative, axiological, epistemological and ethical functions of historical memory are revealed. Civic identity is formed on the basis of relevant historical memory. The phenomenon of memory wars is considered on the example of the ethnopolitical conflict in Ukraine. The implementation of the policy of historical memory in modern Russia is analyzed. According to the author, historical memory is the driving force behind the formation of a nation and a national state at all stages of nation-building, since civil identity is formed on the basis of historical memory. Historical memory can be both a source of consolidation and conflicts in society. In Russia, historical memory is used to unite society into a single civil nation, but the policy of popularizing historical memory is not systematic enough today, it requires more careful study to increase efficiency.

Carbon neutrality is one of the key messages of the concept of sustainable development and the ESG agenda, which form the basis of a new institutional economic environment. Countries’ rethinking of decarbonisation and carbon neutrality at the global level af ects international climate and green standards/ legislation, international trade, and international institutions. However, the question remains how the carbon-neutral agenda will evolve during economic crises. T e paper therefore aims to assess the positive and negative ef ects of the carbon-neutral agenda in the global economy and in individual countries, as well as its prospects for further development. In order to realise the objective of this article, the positive and negative aspects of the transition to carbon neutrality, the actions of states to implement environmental strategies until 2022 were analysed, and an attempt was made to forecast the further development of ESG strategies in the f eld of decarbonisation and carbon neutrality. It was found that the positive side of carbon neutrality reduces to investment attractiveness of the company and its products, addressing environmental concerns, technological development and the emergence of new markets. T e downside is that the transition to carbon neutrality is more political than environmental. T e ESG agenda will also increase transaction and administrative costs for all market participants. As for the prospects for the implementation of the ESG agenda in 2022, f rstly, it can be assumed that the process will slow down. Due to sanctions, national security, including in the energy sector, comes f rst. At the same time, at the same time as the ESG agenda slows down, it becomes more relevant as alternative energy sources will help countries achieve energy security, while addressing environmental issues will only help intensify investments in this area. Moreover, the relevance of the ESG agenda has not changed: there remains a demand for it from people in developed countries.

Trade in timber and timber products is a strategic part of Russian-Chinese trade. Russia has rich forest resources, China has a significant market for wood consumption, and trade in timber and wood products between the two countries contributes to the economic development of the states. The history and current state of trade in timber and wood products between Russia and China are analyzed, factors affecting the volume of trade are shown and a forecast is proposed regarding the future of trade in forest resources between the two countries. The stages of development of mutual trade in timber and wood products between the countries are shown. The structure of the Sino-Russian timber trade has changed from roundwood trade to low-value-added timber trade. It is assumed that in the short term it is possible to increase the volume of timber trade, but in the long-term forecast it is likely to decrease trade between the two countries

The current situation of Russia, expressed in the need to overcome the backlog from the world's leading countries in terms of the volume of high technology, to build up regional innovation potential, requires the formation of a new import substitution agenda. In this study, the author analyzes the problems of foreign scientometric databases access; lack of regional development balance in the field of science, education and technology production due to the insufficient number of relevant institutions; the availability of competitive domestic IT tools of world analogues and the IT companies’ capabilities for digital transformation and increasing subjects’ economic efficiency. Based on the triad of identified problems, the author formulated approaches to the formation of a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of scientific research and development – the use of domestic scientometric databases, the introduction of a regional index of scientific and educational increment to monitor regional opportunities, popularization of government measures to support high-tech IT companies, namely, obtaining accreditation in order to optimize and measure scientific and technological results. The main conclusions and prospects of the study are to use practical recommendations, monitor the main challenges of the modern economy to form a flexible system for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific research and development based on existing organizational mechanisms and analytical registries. The methodological basis of the study is content analysis, the theoretical and empirical method, the formalization method, the method of a systematic approach to the study of economic processes, the statistical method, sociological observation, and graphical methods of data visualization.

The challenges posed to Russian healthcare in early 2020, related to the development of a difficult epidemiological situation, were complicated by a series of sanctions. This has created an objective need to support our own development and production of medicines, medical devices and innovative developments. The development and implementation of innovative technologies in healthcare is an ambiguous, complex task, for the implementation of which all the necessary elements must be present in the industry. In this regard, it is useful to analyze the existing barriers, emergency measures of state support for SMEs, as the main link through which the scaling and implementation of innovative technologies into practice is carried out. An important factor is the availability of the possibility of obtaining project financing, information about the sources of financing for already completed projects and understanding the role of technology transfer centers in promoting innovations in health care into practice. The paper uses foreign sources to describe barriers, searches for and systematizes emergency measures of state support for SMEs, lists current grants and competitions from funds that support projects to develop innovations in medicine, and discusses the role of technology transfer centers.

The article is devoted to franchising, which is a type of market network structures, generally, an effective way of cooperation of large and small businesses. The franchising business model, widely used in the world practice, has also been developed in the Russian economy due to its market transformation. The author reveals the theoretical foundations of franchising, defines the essence and types of franchising agreements, the reasons for the growth of their importance, characterizes the current state and features of franchising in Russia, its institutional conditions, obstacles and potential, contribution to solving the problems of the domestic economy. Special attention is paid in the article to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the political events of recent months on the development of the franchising market in the Russian Federation, in conclusion, the factors that should contribute to its positive dynamics are highlighted.